Swedish Experimental bayonets

© Per Holmbäck

1. General

Date Hisory
2012-10-07 Separated from "Swedish bayonets"
2012-10-29 Major rewrite
2020-11-17 Updated Hagströms tändnålsgevär

2.Trial, experimental and other models

fm 1690's

OAL 790 BL - SL 78 SD -
Manufacturer
Söderhamns faktori 		Weapon
Flintlock musket, 1690-tal Calibre (kal): 20.7 mm
AM.034876

Socket bayonet
Project for the infantery; by Magnus Blix in Söderhamn 1690's


fm early 1700's

OAL 770 BL 725 SL 45 SD 34 ?!
Manufacturer
Jönköpings faktori 		Weapon
-
AM.023451 AM.030572

Socket bayonet
Ett antal modeller togs fram i early på 1700-talet i krigsrådet Fahlströms 'regi'.
Olika varianter på låsanordning prövades, känneteckande är dock den korta hylsan.
Se även bajonett m/1701 som fastställdes.


fm m/1747

OAL - BL - SL - SD -
Manufacturer
- 		Weapon
Flintlock musket m/1747, projekt
AM.023630

Socket bayonet
Bayonet for flintlock musket m/1747, project
It is a long bayonet


fm 1790's horse mounted jaeger

OAL - BL - SL - SD -
Manufacturer
- 		Weapon
rifled musket, horse mounted jaeger. project
AM.030817 AM.030817

Sword bayonet
Looks like Sword bayonet m/1793


fm early 1800's

OAL 780 BL 680 SL - SD 25,1
Manufacturer
- 		Weapon
Infantery musket, ca 1800
AM.030587

Socket bayonet.
Bayonet with cutlas blade for Infantery musket, ca 1800, Project of Helvigs.


fm/1815-20

OAL 700 BL 637 SL - SD 22.8
Manufacturer
Jönköpings faktori 		Weapon
Rifled musket m/1815-20. Project 1820
AM.030829

Socket bayonet
The `shank' is divided in two `legs', probably to access the ramrod with the bayonetmounted to the rifle.
When the bayonet is not used, it is mounted below the barrel pointing backwards.


fm/1815-20

OAL 1053 BL - SL - SD -
Manufacturer
- 		Weapon
Flintlock musket, modified m/1815-20
AM.030716

Ramrod bayonet


fm/1840 Sandberg

OAL 620 BL 520 SL 96 SD 21,5
Manufacturer
Probably less than 10 		Weapon
Rifled musket designed by Sandberg
AM.030737
Picture

Socket bayonet
Bayonet for Rifled musket designed by Sandberg.


Hagströms tändnålsgevär

OAL 655 BL 583 SL 66 SD 19
Manufactured
100 		Weapon
Hagströms tändnålsgevär

Picture
Picture

Armourer August Hagström designed a pin needle rifle for the Swedish army in 1864-65.
About 100 rifles were made by Carl Gustaf Stad but unfortunatley they were more or less obsolete when they left the factory.
The rumour says that most of them were bought by a dealer in Norköping, and given to Norrköping sharp shooter association. However, no further documentation can be found regarding that.

The bayonet is a m/1864, but manufactured by Carl Gustaf Stad under a separate contract 1866. The only difference is the marking.

Picture

Vissa gevär har ett alternativt bajonettfäste, med en fjäder som låder mot en förstärkningskant på bajonetthylsan.
Det är dock okänt hur den bajonetten ser ut.



fm 1880-talet ?

OAL 642 BL 499 MRD 16
Manufacturer
- 		Weapon
Probably for a Jarmann rifle.
Picture

Sword bayonet.
Like faskinkniv m/1848, single edged blade of Hafströms model.
Crossguard and pommel in brass. (It exists with crossguard and pommel in steel).
Locking mechanism looks like Norwegian m/1884.


fm/1877-78 Kropatchek

OAL 614 BL 470 MRD 17.2
Manufacturer
- 		Weapon
Rifle fm/1877-78, Portugal
AM.030308

Sword bayonet.
Muzzle ring and mortise slot on the inside of the hilt.


fm/1878 Jarmann

OAL 607 BL 470 MRD 7-17,2
Manufacturer
Kongsberg Vapenfabrik, 75 st.
  • 25 made for Norway
  • 50 made for Sweden
 Weapon
Rifle fm/1878-79
Picture Picture Picture Picture Picture

Sword bayonet, wooden grips, brass pommel and guard. The blade is straight. The scabbard id clearly inspired by the german SG71.
The bayonet is from the Norwegian-Swedish trials for a common rifle in 1876 to 1889.
In 1878 the comitté decides that 50 10,15 mm rifles based on the mechanim designed by Jarmannn should be manufactured for troop trials with 25 rifles in each country.

  • 1 June 1878: One sword bayonet for the Prussian jaeger rifle is shipped to Kongsbergs Vapenfabrik.
  • 17 August 1878: Kongsbergs Vapenfabrik announces that a box of 10 sword bayonets for the Jarmann rifles has been shipped to Carl Gustaf Stads Gevärsfaktori.
  • 25 August 1878: Kongsbergs Vapenfabrik announces that the remaining 65 sword bayonets has been shipped.
  • 5th September 1878: The 75 swor bayonets has arrived to Carl Gustaf Stads gevärsfaktori. The last 65 arrived the 3 September.
  • 17 September 1878: Stockholms tygstation announces that 25 st Jarmann rifles for trials has been recieved.
  • 28 September 1878: The Norwegian fälttygmästarexpeditionen announces thet 25 Jarmann rifleshas been recieved.
  • 17 October 1878: Stockholms tygstation receives 25 more Jarmann rifles.
  • 6 February 1879: One Preussian sword bayonet is returned from Kongsbergs Vapenfabrik.


fm/1881 Jarmann

OAL 469 BL 406 SL 65 SD 17.2
Manufacturer
Carl Gustaf Stad. ca 1500.
500 two-bands och 1000 three-bands rifles. 		Weapon
Rifle fm/1881
Picture Picture Picture

Socket bayonet with median locking ring and straight slot. The scabbard is of leather with steel frog hook.
The bayonet is from the Norwegian-Swedish trials for a common rifle in 1876 to 1889.
In 1881 it was decided to manufacture 500 rifles of Jarmann construcuction at Carl Gustaf Stads Gevärsfaktori. They were all two-band, numbered 1-500 and manufactured 1882.
They were all delivered in the summer of 1882 with 80 to "Kongl Svea Lifgarde", 80 st to "Kongl andra Lifgardet", 40to Rosersbergs schooting school, and 300 to Karlsborg.
(They were then designated fm/1883).
It was at that time decided to manufacture further 1000 rifles.Most of them were marked with the manufacturing year of 1883 and 1884 but they were not delivered until 1885.
They were three-band and numbered 501 to 1500.
Higher numbers than 1500 are known though.


fm 1888 Bergman

OAL 625 BL 520 MRD 15
Manufacturer
- 		Weapon
Bergmans Rifle
Picture Picture Picture Picture Picture Picture Picture

Cruciform blade. (see French mle 1886), for the Bergman rifle.

The rifle (1888) was tried in Brazil, Spain, Holland and Rumania in the years of 1889 to 1892.

The designer, Bergman, Oskar William, born. 5 Dec. 1860, NCO at "Upplands regemente" 1881.
He was teacher at the"Artilleri- och ingenjörhögskolan" 1898-1904 and chief there "1904-11".


fm 1910 medium length blade

OAL 475 BL 331 MRD 15,5
Manufacturer
Eskilstuna Jernmanufactur AB , 70 st 		Weapon
Modified carbine m/1894
Picture Picture Picture

Knife bayonet with single edged blade.

In the early 1900's a bayonet for the cavalry was in development.
As the Navy also wanted a bayonet (a long bayonet) for the carbine, they were asked if they wanted the same model for trials.

The 26th August 1910 Eskilstuna Jernmanufactur AB delivered 70 medium length blade and 50 long blade bayonets to Carl Gustaf Stad Gevärsfaktori.
In 1911 50 carbines, 25 medium length and 25 long bayonets were sent to both Royal Waxholm coast artillery regiment and Karlskrona naval base for trials.
  • 48 of the 50 bayonets sent to Karlskrona where tested on e.g. the torpedo boat 'Örnen', where the trials were reported satisfactory.
  • The 7'th artillery company recruits' school reported that the use of these bayonets resulted in large deviations of the point of impact. None of the bayonet model was to be recommended. In particular, the scabbard of the long bayonet was regarded to fragile (leather would be less sensitive to bending etc.)


The bayonet trials was considered failed, and the bayonets were never approved.

See article.


fm 1910 long blade

OAL 645 BL 503 MRD 15,5
Manufacturer
Eskilstuna Jernmanufactur AB, 50 st 		Weapon
Modified carbine m/1894
Picture Picture Picture
Sword bayonet.
See fm/1910 medium length blade


fm m/1896 ca 1910

OAL 620 BL 500 MRD 15,5
Manufacturer
- 		Weapon
Rifle m/1896
Sword bayonet.
Unknown modification of bayonet m/1896.
The blade is replaced with a long blade from the current trials with carbine bayonets.
See fm 1910 long blade


fm 1912 KA

OAL 590 BL 470 MRD 15,5
Manufacturer
- 		Weapon
Rifle m/1896
"Needle bayonet".
Bayonet m/1896 but the blade is replaced with a cruciform blade. It has a leather scabbard (like m/1867).
During 1911-1912 the arms of coastal artillery was on the agenda. They wanted to unify the arms (rifles and carbines), and they wanted a long bayonet.
One suggestion was to replace their carbines with rifle m/1896 with a long cruciform blade bayonet.
It would have been cheaper than mountng a sword bayonet on the carbine, and there were many rifles in stock.
One bayonet was manufactured.


fm/1913

OAL 460 BL 332 MRD 15,5
Manufacturer
Carl Gustafs Stad, 500 bayonets. 		Weapon
Carbine m/1894-14
Picture Picture Picture Picture

This is a knife bayonet with a double-edged blade without fullers.
The hilt is of steel with wooden grips fastened by two bolts. The pommel has a T-slot and a round locking stud.
The scabbard is made of steel and blued. It is locked to the bayonet by a locking catch behind the guard.
This is one of the better-known Swedish trial models.
  • Locking stud is round instead of oval.
  • The muzzle ring is thicker than the guard. On the m/1914 it is equally thick.
  • The blade is more pointed.
  • The scabbard locking stud has a rounder shape.
  • The scabbard is more pointed (like the blade).

The trials of a new carbine bayonet were ordered early in 1913, and in a Royal letter of 23rd May 1913 is stated that the trials were to be performed at K8 ("Norrlands Dragonregemente") in Umeå. In the 4th of December 1913 trial model fm/1913 was decided, and at the same time 500 bayonets were ordered from Carl Gustaf Stad factory.
In General Order 736 of 6th July 1914 the trials were extended to one esquadron of K1 (Royal Guards on horse) "Livgardet till häst" in Stockholm and one esquadron of K3 (Life regiments hussars) "Livregementets husarer" in Skövde. The reason for this was that the whole cavalry probably should use the bayonets, and further trials were needed. The trials should be continued until the regimental manoeuvres of 1915 and the evaluation should be submitted by 1st November 1915. 300 bayonets were issued to K8 and 100 to K1 and K3 in July 1914.
It is probable that fm/1913 remained in operation when the approved model m/1914 was issued.

See separate article.


fm ca 1915 short blade

OAL 326 BL 210 MRD 15
Manufacturer
Carl Gustaf Stads gevärsfaktori. 		Weapon
Modified Rifle m/1896.
Picture Picture Picture

Knife bayonet.
Slightly upwards bent blade ("banana blade") . Grips of wood and steel pommel.

In 1915 trials with a long bayonet for rifle m/1896 was ordered. This was after several years of experiments with a longer bayonet for both the rifle and the carbine. These trials more or less resulted in a bayonet of "German" model with wooden grips and steel pommel. There were basically two variations:
  • Short pommel, round muzzle ring that couples tight with the barrel.
  • Long pommel with an oval muzzle ring that keeps the bayonet free from the barrel.
See separate article.


fm ca 1915 medium length blade

OAL 448 BL 333 MRD 15,5
Manufacturer
EJ.AB 		Weapon
Modified Rifle m/1896.
Picture Picture Picture

Knife bayonet with double edged blade.

In 1915 trials with a long bayonet for rifle m/1896 was ordered. This was after several years of experiments with a longer bayonet for both the rifle and the carbine. These trials more or less resulted in a bayonet of "German" model with wooden grips and steel pommel. There were basically two variations:
  • Short pommel, round muzzle ring that couples tight with the barrel.
  • Long pommel with an oval muzzle ring that keeps the bayonet free from the barrel.
See separate article.


fm ca 1915 long blade

OAL 595 BL 480 MRD 15,5
Manufacturer
EJ.AB 		Weapon
Modified Rifle m/1896.
Picture Picture Picture

Sword bayonet.

In 1915 trials with a long bayonet for rifle m/1896 was ordered. This was after several years of experiments with a longer bayonet for both the rifle and the carbine. These trials more or less resulted in a bayonet of "German" model with wooden grips and steel pommel. There were basically two variations:
  • Short pommel, round muzzle ring that couples tight with the barrel.
  • Long pommel with an oval muzzle ring that keeps the bayonet free from the barrel.
See separate article.


Navy carbine bayonet project

OAL 630 BL 500 MRD 15,5
Manufacturer
Carl Gustaf Stads Gevärsfaktori 		Weapon
Carbine 1894-14
Picture Picture Picture

Sword bayonet with a long single-edged blade. The blade has a thin fuller. The hilt is of steel with wooden grips fastened by two bolts. The pommel has a T-slot and a round locking stud.
It has the hilt of fm/1913 and the blade of m/1915.
The scabbard is made of steel and blued. The mouthpiece is riveted to the scabbard body. It is locked to the bayonet by a locking catch behind the guard.

The main differences from bayonet m/1915:
  • Locking stud is round instead of oval and placed closed to the upper side of the pommel.
  • The muzzle ring is thicker than the guard. On the m/1915 it is equally thick.
  • The scabbard locking stud has a rounder shape.

In 15th October 1914 Carl Gustaf Stad factory receives an order of 330 6.5 mm carbines and carbine bayonets fm/1913 for the navy. Less than a month later, 9th November 1914 the order is changed to 330 bayonets with blade and scabbard like the project model sent to the factory, but with the same hilt and mounting as fm/1913.
In 18th January 1915 sword bayonet m/1915 is approved, and in a letter of 22nd January the earlier ordered 330 bayonets should be manufactured according to a model sent to the factory the same date. Three weeks later, 11th February, further 710 carbines with bayonets were ordered.

See separate article.


fm/1940 Lundin semi automatic rifle

OAL 460 BL 330 MRD -
Manufacturer
Eskilstuna Jernmanufactur AB 		Weapon
Lundin semi automatic rifle
Picture Picture Picture Picture Picture

Knife bayonet with double edged blade.
Like m/1914 but without muzzle ring.

See separate article..


3. AK4-trials

FN FAL

OAL 322 BL 230 MRD 15
Manufacturer
FN, Liege 		Weapon
FN FAL
Picture

Knife bayonet.
The "standard bayonet" for FN FAL, tested in Sweden at the earliest AK trials.
The following models were tried (late 1950's):
  • `Gram' working name from the rifle factory, development of AG m/42
  • M14
  • SIG
  • Heckler & Koch G3
  • FN FAL

G3 and FN FAL made it through the first trials and was further tested in the early 1960's.


fm/61 FN (AK fm/FN)

OAL 290 BL 165 MRD 22,4
Manufacturer
FN, Liege 		Weapon
FN FAL Para
Picture Picture

Knife bayonet.
Tubular mounting with a rear locking mechanism. Socket and blade are made in one piece.
The steel scabbard was used in Sweden, together with a modified m/1914 leather frog.
A couple of hundred bayonets were bought for the trials.


AK fm/61 G3

OAL 305 BL 166 MRD 22
Manufacturer
BAHCO 		Weapon
AK4 (G3)
AM.126555

Knife bayonet.
A number of bayonets with "green plastic handle" was tested for the AK4 (G3).
A detailed article will come soon.
Several of these bayomet are pictured in early AK4 manuals.


AK fm/G3 serie L/S/O

OAL 305 BL 166 MRD 22
Manufacturer
BAHCO 		Weapon
AK4 (G3)
Picture Picture

Knife bayonet.
Bayonet is made in 1963, and in at least 3 sries (marked L, S or O on the guard).

It looks like the m/1965 with the following differences:
  • Thinner grip with 12 "ribs".
  • The guard doesn't have the slot for the scabbard lock.
  • Locking device looks like an early German G3 or Norwegian AG3 bayonet.
  • The scabbard is the same as for trial fighting knife fm/1964 or the early m/1965 without the lock.
  • The grip is slightly loose.
The is stamped BACHO and a date under the grip, but I have not dared remove it yet.
Stamped with three crowns behind the muzzle ring as on the m/1965
It is pictured in early AK4 manuals.


4. Foreign models

m/1840, France

OAL 627 BL 512 MRD 24,4
Manufacturer
- 		Weapon
Carbine M1840
Sword bayonet.
For the M1840 carbine
Yataghan blade, first bayonet with Yataghan blade.
Tried in Sweden according to "Bajonetten då till nu", [1].


m/1849, Austria

OAL 715 BL 610 SL 107 SD 23,4
Manufacturer
- 		Weapon
Augustin Rifle m/1849
Socket bayonet
For Augustin jaeger rifle m/1849. Predecessor to m/1854. (Zigzag slot!)
Tried in Sweden according to "Bajonetten då till nu", [1].


5. Other models

Sword bayonet 1865 ?

OAL 650 BL 510 MRD 19
Manufacturer
Eskilstuna 		Weapon
-
Picture

Sword bayonet.
Like swordbayonet m/1867 for remington rolling block rifle.
However the bayonet is heavier'. the hilt is 'higher', the crossguard different, and the blade thicker.

Blade is marked K A Schwan:

K.A. Schwan (Knut August), born 1834
1a officersfullmakten 19/5 1854
underlöjtnant 2a lif-gardet 24/11 1854
löjtnant 2a lif-gardet 4/1 1859
kapten 2a lif-gardet 9/11 1869
Resigned 1871
1872 he was still noted as ”officer remaining in the army”.
He participated in chamber loader trials at the infantery shooting school.


m/1965 lång

OAL 375 BL 231 MRD 22
Manufacturer
BAHCO 		Weapon
AK4 (G3)
Knife bayonet.
As m/1965 but with long double edged blade
Stamped with three crowns. (Probably a home built bayonet)


5. References

Referenser
[2] Svevap, "Bajonetten då till nu", 1976
[2] Lissmark, Bengt. "Svenska bajonetter 1696 - 1965", 1973
[3] Schöön, Björn. "Bayonets, Bajonetter, Bajonette", 1986
[4] Kiesling, Paul, "Bayonets of the world"
[5] von Schreber, Tor Schreber, "Karolinska bajonetter och deras föregångare på kontinenten"
"Föreningens armémusei vänner Meddelande IV ", 1941
[6] von Goës, Nils, "Söderhamns gevärsfaktori 1620 - 1813", 1988
[7] Janzen, Jerry L, "Bayonets of the Remington cartridge period", 1993
[8] Evans, R.D.C. Articles in e.g. Vaabenhistorik Selskaps tidskrift.
[9] Alm, Josef. Eldhandvapen I och II
[10] Alm, Josef. Arméns eldhandvapen förr och nu
[11] Alm, Josef. Flottans handvapen