1. General

1.1. Manufacturing

The 18'th century bayonet was normally manufactured in three parts; the socket, the shank and blade, and the butterfly bolt. The socket was often made from scrapped musket barrels, that was welded to the shank.

Some of the craftsmen involved in manufacturing a bayonet:

Bayonet maker ('bajonettsmed')	The common name fo bayonet makers. 'Svetsare' was responsible for the bayonet forging. (The were called 'svetsare' at Wira bruk. I don't know if it was a common name)
Bayonet grinder ('bajonettslipare')	The forged blade was passed on to the bayonet grinder ('bajonettslipare'). (They were called 'bajonettfilare' from 1750 and onward [11]). (At the same time, wll into 1800s 'filare' are mentioned as a guild of their own. It is unclear how the areas of interest are separated.)
Bayonet filer ('bajonettfilare')	I believe the term 'filer' is incorrect, but I can't think of another term. I am not sure about the difference between bayonet grinder and bayonet filer either.
Socket grinder ('hölsefilare')
Scabbard maker ('bältare')	Leather works, scabbards.

At Söderhamns arsenal ,there was in 1750:

1 bayonet maker (master), 2 journeymen and 2 apprentice.

1 bayonet grinder (master), 1 journeyman och 1 apprentice.

1 bayonet filer (master), 2 journeymen och 1 apprentice.

Here is a note from the visit by Antons Svab in 1796 at Söderhamn, about the manufacturing of a bayonet m/1791:
'Futhermore one bayonet maker was engaged, earning 12 skilling for each bayonet forged, one bayonet welder who attaches the socket to the shank, and shall have 3 skilling, and 2 bayonet grinders, that for grinding and polishing shall have 4 skilling.'

The bayonet makers where normally organized in guilds (e.g. pistol makers), but at 'Vira bruk', the bayonet makers had there own guild in early 1740s.

1.2. Markings

2. Manufacturers

2.1. State armouries

In 1620 the king, Gustav II Adolf, decided that the blacksmiths should move to certain towns, Norrtälje, Norrköping, Sundsvall, Söderhamn and Örebro. The blacksmiths still worked in their own workshop, but they operated in a arsenal ('faktori'). A "faktor" was responsible for the manufacturing (assemblance) of arms. The operations of the arsenals was in the beginning more of purchasing than actual manufacturing.
After the Board of Ordnance was founded in 1634 the arsenals was subordinated  the board.
In the 1700s the state arsenals ("Faktorier") were better organized, the blacksmiths in these towns were forced to work for the arsenal.
 

Faktori	Stämpel	Historia
Arboga		Founded in 1551. Hans Ehrenpreuss, the 'factor' at Arboga from 6/12 1684 Owned e.g. Vedevåg and leased Kvarnbacka in the parish of Lindesberg.
Carl Gustaf Stads gevärsfaktori	krönt C	Eskilstuna In 1771 a tax-free zone for blacksmiths was founded in 'Carl Gustafs stad'. Founded in 1812, but still in business.  In 1943 it became a part of FFV, and it was bought by Bofors some years ago.
Hedemora		Founded in  1706.
Husqvarna Vapenfabrik	H krönt H	Located to the town of Huskvarna.  Founded in 1689. The small arms division was sold to FFV (Carl Gustaf) in 1969, and production moved to Eskilstuna in the early 1970s.  It was privatized in 1757 and became company in 1867, Husqvarna Vapenfabriks AB (HVA).
Jönköpings faktori	krönt K punkt K	Located to the town of Jönköping.  In the early 1700 Husqvarna/Jönköping gevärsfaktori was the largest of the seven state armourie, with 1000 employees and a production of 11000 firearms a year. Most of the production was transferred to Husqvarna during 1790's.
Norrtälje	NT krönt NT	Founded in 1623.  The factory and the whole town were burnt down by the Russians in 1719.  Was transferred to 'ryttmästare' Jennings and 'brukspatron' Finlay in 1763. Shut down in 1843 by the present owners, the business house Tottie & Arvedsson.
Norrköping	Ej kända Borde vara NK	Founded in the 1620s.
Ronneby	Ej kända Borde vara R eller RB	Founded in 1679
Sundsvall		Founded in the 1620s.
Söderhamns faktori	krönt S korslagda gevär över båt	Söderhamn Founded in 1620  The Russians captured the city 19/5 1721. The production was not started until 1725. The production was moved to Carl Gustaf Stad in 1813.
Örebro	Ö	Founded in the 1620s. Aquired 1795 by Göran Ehrenpreuss and was incorporated in Jönköping-Husqvarna.

 

2.1. Other manufacturers

Faktori	Stämpel	Historia
A B BAHCO		Enköping BAHCO- Bernt August Hjort & Co 'Enköpings Mekaniska Verkstad' is one of the companies thas is part of what became A BACHO. Made e.g. bayonet m/65.
E.A. Bergs fabriksaktiebolag	EAB	Eskilstuna, Erik Anton Berg AB. Since late 1950s part of the BACHO-group. Has now a shark as logotype (can be seen on e.g. trial fighting knife  fm/64).
E.A. Naesman	E A NAESMAN	Eskilstuna. Subcontractor for Carl Gustaf Stad. Mainly manufacturer of door locks, but alse e.g. bridles and stirrups. As many as 150 craftsmen worked here. In 1881 the company with its 14 (!) employes was surrended by August Stålberg and changed name to E.A. Naesman & Co. In 1894 they changed name to 'Låsfabriksaktiebolaget'.  Socket bayonets m/1867 with this stamp should have been manufactured some time between 1868 when Carl Gustaf Stad started manufacturing the rifle and 1881 when the changed name.
Johan Walén	J WALÉN	Located in the town of Eskilstuna. Subcontractor for Carl Gustaf Stad. The marking can be found on the back of the m/1867 socket bayonet blade.
Ericson	krönt E ERICSON	Eskilstuna manufactured bayonet m/1815-20 for jaegers.
Eskiltuna JernmanufakturAB		Eskilstuna
Eskiltuna Jernmanufaktur AB	EJ AB över krönt ankare	Eskilstuna
Vira bruk		Founded in 1635.( Got there priviligies 28/4 1635) Lost there priviligies 1775. Closed in 1948.  Since 1970 Wira bruk is a museum. In the years 1692-93 2000 blades was manufactured for bayonet m/1692. In 1791-1800 2280 bajonet blades was manufactured, and in 1813-1814 2000 bayonet m/1811 was manufactured.
Wedevåg		Was in production in 1720 and in 1730  Manufactured blades until 1755.
Graninge järnverk	Ingen egen stämpel (?)	Owned by Magnus Flemming (Vira bruk) Started manufacturing bayonets in autumn of 1707 under supervision of a master from Vira mill. At the end of 1709 had 716 bayonets (blades for assembly at Vira mill ?) been manufactured here.

3. Makers and stamps

Bayonet makers and masters

4. The inspection

Bayonet inspection

5. Unit markings

Unit markings

6. Other stamps

Other markings

  7. Referenser